ضمایر

انواع ضمیر:

Personal pronouns : Subject            object         possessive adjective           possessive pronoun              reflexive     I                        me                  my                                             mine                                    myself You                  you                 your                                            yours                                   yourself He                    him                  his                                              his                                       himself She                  her                  her                                              hers                                     herself It                       it                      its                                                                                           itself We                   us                    our                                              ours                                   ourselves You                  you                  your                                            yours                                 yourselves They                them               their                                            theirs                                themselves

Interrogative and relative pronouns: What (object & subject-for things): what caused the accident? What do you said?   Whom (object form-for people): whom do you want? To whom is he speaking?  Who (subject form-for people): who invented the telephone? Who teaches you? Whose (for possession-people & things): whose pen is this? Whose cage is that?   Which (subject & object-for things): which one do you want? Which bus goes home? That (for people & things-subject & object): the man that I saw was Mr. Brown.

Demonstrative pronouns: This       these        This is Ali's computer. These are Browns' tools. That      those        That is the lady's room. Those are the men's instruments.

ü      ضمیر جایگزین اسم یا گروه اسمی می شود. اسم یا گروه اسمی که ضمیر به آن اشاره می کند، مرجع نام دارد:

I read a book. It was good.                     Ali and I are the same age. We are the same age.

ü      ضمیر مفرد جایگزین اسم مفرد می شود و ضمیر جمع جایگزین اسم جمع می شود:

I read some books. They were good.              The students came late. They came late.

ü      ضمایر فاعلی جایگزین فاعل جمله می شوند:

Ali has a car. He drives to work.                    The weather is cold today. It is cold today.

ü      ضمایر مفعولی جایگزین مفعول جمله می شوند:

He works in my office. I know him well. He talks to her every day. She trained them.

ü      بعد از ضمایر ملکی اسم قرار نمی گیرد. اما بعد از صفات ملکی اسم قرار می گیرد:

This is my book. Her book is here. Your book is over there. The cat caught its tail.

This book is mine. That book is hers. Yours is over there.

·         گاهی ضمیر انعکاسی در جمله نقش مفعول دارد و مرجع آن با فاعل یکی است:

I saw myself in the mirror. You mustn’t blame yourself for that mistake. She looked at herself for a long time. We should depend on ourselves. He buys himself a watch.

·         گاهی ضمیر انعکاسی برای تاکید به کار می رود:

They themselves did their homework. They did their homework themselves. The cat itself caught its tail in the door. The cat caught its tail in the door itself.

·         اگر ضمیر انعکاسی همراه با by بیاید، معنی تنها می دهد:

She lives by herself = she lives alone.