سوال ها

به طور کلی می توان گفت که چهار نوع سوال وجود دارد:                          

1- Tag questions:                     

سوالات کوتاهی هستند که بعد از جمله می آیند و گوینده از آنها برای گرفتن موافقت یا حصول اطمینان از درست بودن اطلاعات استفاده می کند: (ضمیر فاعلی+فعل کمکی) Ali can come, can't he?                                        

Sara can't come, can she?

 :Yes-No questions 2-

سوالاتی هستند که جوابشان آری یا خیر می باشد. برای ساختن این نوع سوال، اگر فعل کمکی داشتیم آن را اول جمله می آوریم و جمله را سوالی می کنیم:  she is writing now. → is she writing now?                  (استمراری)             Mary has arrived late. → Has Mary arrived late? (کامل)

) Mary has been arriving late. → has Mary been arriving late? کامل استمراری)

I can play the piano. → Can you play the piano? 

ü      اگر فعل جمله to be  بود، فعل be را اول جمله می آوریم: Mary is late. → is Mary late?                            

There are enough chairs. → Are there enough chairs?                   It is raining. → is it raining?

He is a handsome boy. → is he a handsome boy?                                    Is she a beautiful girl?

ü      اگر فعل کمکی در جمله نداشتیم، از افعال کمکی do, does, did استفاده می کنیم:

 Mary arrives late. → does Mary arrive late? (حال ساده-سوم شخص مفرد)

) They arrive late. → Do they arrive late? حال ساده)

We arrived late. → did we arrive late?  (گذشته ساده)

3- Negative yes-No questions:

سوالات منفی برای بیان عقیده، نظر، و نگرش گوینده به کار می روند. (برای بیان چیزی که به درستی یا نادرستی آن عقیده دارد.).  Not در این نوع سوالات معمولا مخفف می شود:

Isn’t Mary late?                     Doesn’t Mary arrive late?                        Hasn’t Mary arrived late?

Hasn’t Mary been arriving late?             Isn’t he a handsome boy?          Isn’t she writing now?

Doesn’t she live in Mashhad?        Aren’t you supposed to be in class now?

 Didn’t you study?            Didn’t you see that stop sign?           Aren’t they arriving next week?   

4- Wh-questions (information question):   

سوالاتی هستند که برای دریافت اطلاعات پرسیده می شوند و با کلمات پرسشی wh دار همراه می باشند. این گونه سوالات عموما بر دو نوع می باشند: یا مفعول جمله را مورد سوال قرار می دهند، یا فاعل جمله را.

ü      چنانچه کلمات پرسشی فاعل را مورد سوال قرار دهند احتیاجی به استفاده از فعل کمکی نیست. یعنی جمله آرایش پرسشی به خود نمی گیرد. فقط کلمه پرسشی ابتدای جمله می آید (به جای فاعل) و بقیه جمله را می نویسیم:     Ali can come. →   Who can come?                                                                          

He teaches you English. → Who teaches you English? 

A gold watch made her happy. → What made her happy? 

That bus goes to Main Street. → Which bus goes to Main Street?   

What guarantee comes with this television?          Who invented the telephone?

What has caused the accident?      Who was washing the dishes?    

ü      چنانچه کلمات پرسشی مفعول را مورد سوال قرار دهند جمله آرایش سوالی به خود می گیرد. یعنی فعل کمکی قبل از فاعل قرار میگیرد. ترتیب واژه ها در جمله بدین شکل خواهد بود:

Question word + helping verb + subject + main verb    ?

Explanations	Example	Question word
Who: فاعلی -مفعولی (غیر رسمی)- برای انسان- فعل مفرد به کار می رود.   (چه کسی) Whom: فقط مفعولی و خیلی رسمی- برای انسان	Who can answer that question? Who came to visit you? Who is coming to dinner tonight? Who wants to come with me? Who (m) did you see?  Who (m) are you visiting?  Who (m) should I talk to? To whom should I talk?	Who(m)
فاعلی و مفعولی- برای اشیاء و فعالیت ها  (چه چیزی)	What made you angry? What do you need? What can I do for you? What guarantee can you give? What did Alice buy? What did he talk about? About what did he talk? What is she doing? What did you do last night? What is it?             What are you?	What
فاعلی و مفعولی- برای اشیاء و انتخاب از بین چند تا. (کدام یک)	Which bus shall I take? Which pen do you want? Which countries did he visit? Which class are you in? Which bus is he taking?	Which
برای جویا شدن علت به کار می رود. مفعولی- برای انسان و اشیاء (چرا)	Why is Mary late? Why did Mary arrive late? Why has Mary arrived late? Why has Mary been arriving late? Why is he frequently absent? Why aren’t you coming with us? Why should you go there?	Why
چگونگی انجام کاری را سوال می کند. معمولا مفعولی می باشد.  (چگونه) How  با صفات و قیدها نیز همراه می شود.	How did you come to school? How does he drive? How is he? How is he swimming? How much money do you have? How many people came here? How many people did you see there? How old are you? How quickly can you get there?	How
برای مالکیت به کار می رود. (مال چه کسی)	Whose book did you borrow? Whose key is this? Whose car was stolen?	Whose
زمان وقوع فعل را می پرسد. (چه موقع)	When will you leave? When did they arrive? When does Helen wash the dishes? When do you go to school? When are you coming here?	When
مکان وقوع فعل را می پرسد. (کجا)	Where is she? Where can I find a pen? Where does he live? Where did they meet? Where are they living? Where have they lived? Where have they been living? Where were you?	Where